1. Cement

水泥的品种通常选用硅酸盐水泥和普通水泥，也可采用矿渣水泥等。强度等级选择一般为：C50～C80。混凝土宜用强度等级42.5，C80以上选用更高强度的水泥。1m3混凝土中的水泥用量要控制在500kg以内，且尽可能降低水泥用量。水泥和矿物掺合料的总量不应大于600kg/m3。自拌混凝土搅拌车

Portland cement and ordinary cement are usually selected as cement varieties, and slag cement can also be used. The strength grade is generally C50 ~ C80. The strength grade of concrete should be 42.5, and the cement with higher strength should be selected above C80. The amount of cement in 1m3 concrete shall be controlled within 500kg, and the amount of cement shall be reduced as much as possible. The total amount of cement and mineral admixtures shall not be greater than 600kg / m3. Self mixing concrete mixer

2.掺合料

2. Admixture

①硅粉

① Silica fume

硅粉中活性SiO2含量达90%以上，比表面积达15000m2/kg以上，火山灰活性高，且能填充水泥的空隙，从而大地提高混凝土密实度和强度。硅灰的适宜掺量为水泥用量的5%～10%。研究结果表明，硅粉对提高混凝土强度十分显著，当外掺6%～8%的硅灰时，混凝土强度一般可提高20%以上，同时可提高混凝土的抗渗、抗冻、耐磨、耐碱－骨料反应等耐久性能。但硅灰对混凝土也带来不利影响，如增大混凝土的收缩值、降低混凝土的抗裂性、减小混凝土流动性、加速混凝土的坍落度损失等。自拌混凝土搅拌车

The content of active SiO2 in silica fume is more than 90%, the specific surface area is more than 15000m2 / kg, the pozzolanic activity is high, and it can fill the gap of cement, so as to greatly improve the compactness and strength of concrete. The appropriate content of silica fume is 5% ~ 10% of cement. The results show that silica fume can significantly improve the strength of concrete. When 6% ~ 8% silica fume is added, the strength of concrete can be improved by more than 20%, and the durability of concrete such as impermeability, frost resistance, wear resistance and alkali aggregate reaction can be improved. However, silica fume also has adverse effects on concrete, such as increasing the shrinkage value of concrete, reducing the crack resistance of concrete, reducing the fluidity of concrete, accelerating the slump loss of concrete and so on. Self mixing concrete mixer

②磨细矿渣

② Ground slag

自拌混凝土搅拌车。通常将矿渣磨细到比表面积350m2/kg以上，从而具有优异的早期强度和耐久性。掺量一般控制在20%～50%之间。矿粉的细度越大，其活性越高，增强作用越显著，但粉磨成本也大大增加。与硅粉相比，增强作用略逊，但其它性能优于硅粉。

Self mixing concrete mixer. The slag is usually ground to a specific surface area of more than 350m2 / kg, so it has excellent early strength and durability. The dosage is generally controlled between 20% ~ 50%. The greater the fineness of mineral powder, the higher its activity and the more obvious its enhancement effect, but the grinding cost also increases greatly. Compared with silicon powder, the reinforcing effect is slightly inferior, but other properties are better than silicon powder.

③粉煤灰

③ High quality fly ash

一般选用I级灰，利用其内含的玻璃微珠润滑作用，降低水灰比，以及细粉末填充效应和火山灰活性效应，提高混凝土强度和改善综合性能。掺量一般控制在20%～30%之间。I级粉煤灰的作用效果与矿粉相似，且抗裂性优于矿粉。自拌混凝土搅拌车

Grade I ash is generally selected, and the lubrication of glass beads contained in it is used to reduce the water cement ratio, fine powder filling effect and pozzolanic activity effect, so as to improve the strength and comprehensive performance of concrete. The content is generally controlled between 20% ~ 30%. The effect of grade I fly ash is similar to that of mineral powder, and the crack resistance is better than that of mineral powder. Self mixing concrete mixer

④沸石粉

④ Zeolite powder

天然沸石含大量活性SiO2和微孔，磨细后作为混凝土掺合料能起到微粉和火山灰活性功能，比表面积500m2/kg以上，能有效改善混凝土粘聚性和保水性，并增强了内养护，从而提高混凝土后期强度和耐久性，掺量一般为5%～15%。

Natural zeolite contains a large amount of active SiO2 and micropores. As a concrete admixture after grinding, it can play the function of micro powder and pozzolanic activity. The specific surface area is more than 500m2 / kg, which can effectively improve the cohesion and water retention of concrete, and enhance the internal curing, so as to improve the later strength and durability of concrete. The dosage is generally 5% ~ 15%.

⑤偏高岭土

⑤ Metakaolin

偏高岭土是由高岭土在700～800℃条件下脱水制得的白色粉末，平均粒径1～2μm，SiO2和Al2O3含量90%以上，特别是Al2O3较高。研究结果表明，掺入偏高岭土能显著提高混凝土的早期强度和长期抗压强度、抗弯强度及劈裂抗拉强度。

Metakaolin is a white powder prepared by dehydration of kaolin at 700 ~ 800 ℃, with an average particle size of 1 ~ 2 μ m. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 is more than 90%, especially Al2O3. The results show that the early strength, long-term compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete can be significantly improved by adding metakaolin.

3.外加剂

3. Admixture

减水剂（或泵送剂）是高强高性能混凝土常用的外加剂品种，减水率一般要求大于20%，以大限度降低水灰比，提高强度。为改善混凝土的施工和易性及提供其它特殊性能，也可同时掺入引气剂、缓凝剂、防水剂、膨胀剂、防冻剂等。掺量可根据不同品种和要求根据需要选用。自拌混凝土搅拌车

Superplasticizer (or pumping agent) is a common admixture for high-strength and high-performance concrete. The water reduction rate is generally required to be greater than 20% to greatly reduce the water cement ratio and improve the strength. In order to improve the workability of concrete and provide other special properties, air entraining agent, retarder, waterproof agent, expansion agent, antifreeze, etc. can also be added at the same time. The dosage can be selected according to different varieties and requirements. Self mixing concrete mixer

4.砂、石料

4. Sand and stone

一般宜选用级配良好的中砂，细度模数宜大于2.6。含泥量不应大于1.5%，当配制C70以上混凝土，含泥量不应大于1.0%。有害杂质控制在标准以内。石子宜选用碎石，大骨料粒径一般不宜大于25mm，强度宜大于混凝土强度的1.20倍。对强度等级大于C80的混凝土，大粒径不宜大于20mm。自拌

Generally, medium sand with good grading should be selected, and the fineness modulus should be greater than 2.6. The mud content shall not be greater than 1.5%. When preparing concrete above C70, the mud content shall not be greater than 1.0%. Harmful impurities shall be controlled within national standards. Gravel should be selected, the particle size of large aggregate should not be greater than 25mm, and the strength should be greater than 1.20 times of the concrete strength. For concrete with strength grade greater than C80, the large particle size shall not be greater than 20mm. Self mixing