Small concrete mixers are indispensable in the transportation of some industries, but recently many users have asked us why their work efficiency is getting lower and lower. The reason for this may be that they have not been maintained in time, or that they have not been properly maintained. I believe the latter should account for a large proportion, So what are the specific maintenance taboos?

1、忌机油只加不换

1. Avoid only adding oil without changing it

机油在柴油机的使用中是必不可少的，主要作用是润滑、冷却、清洁等。因此，很多小型混凝土搅拌车驾驶员都会注意检查润滑油的油量，且按标准添加，但是却忽略了润滑油质量的检查和对已经变质机油的及时更换，而导致一些发动机的运动机件总是在较差的润滑环境中运转，加速了各机件的磨损。一般在正常情况下机油的损耗并不是很大，但是却容易产生污染，而失去保护柴油机的作用。

Engine oil is essential in the use of diesel engine. Its main functions are lubrication, cooling, cleaning and so on. Therefore, many small concrete mixer drivers pay attention to check the oil quantity of lubricating oil and add it according to the standard, but ignore the inspection of lubricating oil quality and the timely replacement of deteriorated oil, resulting in some moving parts of the engine always operate in a poor lubrication environment, accelerating the wear of various parts. Generally, under normal circumstances, the loss of engine oil is not very large, but it is easy to produce pollution and lose the role of protecting diesel engine.

在柴油机运转的过程中，许多污物(燃油不完全燃烧而生成的碳烟、积炭和积垢等)都会进入到机油中。对于新的或大修后的机械，试运转后杂质就会更多，如果只加不换就投入使用，容易引起烧瓦、抱轴等意外事故。

During the operation of the diesel engine, a lot of dirt (soot, carbon and dirt generated by incomplete combustion of fuel) will enter the engine oil. For new or overhauled machinery, there will be more impurities after commissioning. If it is put into use without replacement, it is easy to cause accidents such as tile burning and shaft holding.

另外，即使更换了机油，某些驾驶员由于缺乏维修经验或图省事，也会在更换时不清洗油道，使机械杂质残留在油底壳及油路中。

In addition, even if the engine oil is changed, some drivers will not clean the oil passage during the replacement due to lack of maintenance experience or easy work, so that mechanical impurities remain in the oil pan and oil circuit.

2、混凝土商砼车忌缸套和活塞新品不经选配即安装

2. It is forbidden to install new cylinder liners and pistons without selection

在换装汽缸套和活塞时，认为新的汽缸套和活塞都是标准件，具有互换性，装上去就能使用了。而实际上，汽缸套与活塞的尺寸都是有一定的公差范围。如把大尺寸的汽缸套配上小尺寸的活塞，会使配合间隙太大，造成压缩无力，而启动困难。

When replacing the cylinder liner and piston, it is considered that the new cylinder liner and piston are standard parts with interchangeability, which can be used after installation. In fact, the dimensions of cylinder liner and piston have a certain tolerance range. If the large cylinder liner is matched with the small piston, the matching clearance will be too large, resulting in weak compression and difficult start.

因此，小型混凝土搅拌车在换装前一定要检查标准缸套与活塞的尺寸分组代号，装用的缸套与活塞需要使标准活塞的尺寸分组代号与标准缸套的尺寸分组代号一样，这样才能保证两者之间具有标准的配合间隙。

Therefore, before the replacement of small concrete mixer truck, the size grouping code of standard cylinder liner and piston must be checked. The installed cylinder liner and piston need to make the size grouping code of standard piston the same as that of standard cylinder liner, so as to ensure that there is a standard fit gap between them.

另外，各缸装用同一分组代号的缸套和活塞时，要注意装前检验缸塞间隙，为了保证装配标准，在装机前应再进行一次检验，以防装上了假冒伪劣的残次产品。

In addition, when each cylinder is equipped with cylinder liners and pistons with the same group code, pay attention to check the cylinder plug clearance before installation. In order to ensure the assembly standard, another inspection shall be carried out before installation to prevent fake and inferior defective products from being installed.

3、水泥运输车忌不检查柱塞行程余量

3. Do not check the plunger stroke allowance of cement truck

在柱塞式喷油泵的调试过程中，有很多维修人员不注意检查柱塞的行程余量。所谓柱塞的行程余量，就是指柱塞被凸轮轴上的凸轮顶上止点后，能继续上行的移动量。调好小型混凝土搅拌车的供油开始时间后，之所以要检查行程余量，是因为柱塞的行程余量与柱塞和套筒的磨损有关。

During the commissioning of plunger fuel injection pump, many maintenance personnel do not pay attention to checking the stroke allowance of plunger. The so-called stroke margin of the plunger refers to the amount of upward movement of the plunger after it is pushed to the top dead center by the cam on the camshaft. After adjusting the oil supply start time of the small concrete mixer, the reason to check the travel allowance is that the travel allowance of the plunger is related to the wear of the plunger and sleeve.

柱塞与套筒磨损之后，柱塞要往上多运动一段后才能开始供油，使供油开始时间推迟。当拧出调整螺栓或换用较厚的调整垫块、垫片之后，柱塞的低位置就会上移，使柱塞的行程余量减小。因此，在维修调试喷油泵时，就应当检查此行程余量，用以判定喷油泵是否还允许调整。

After the plunger and sleeve are worn, the plunger can start oil supply only after it moves upward for a long time, delaying the start time of oil supply. When the adjusting bolt is screwed out or the thicker adjusting cushion block and gasket are replaced, the low position of the plunger will move up, reducing the stroke margin of the plunger. Therefore, when maintaining and debugging the fuel injection pump, first check the stroke margin to determine whether the fuel injection pump is still allowed to be adjusted.

检查时，要根据喷油泵的不同结构而采用下而不同方法：a)转动凸轮轴，把柱塞顶上止点后，拆下出油阀及阀座，并用游标尺测量深。b)柱塞被顶上止点后，用螺丝刀撬起柱塞弹簧的弹簧座，使柱塞上升高点。然后再用厚薄规插入柱塞下平面与挺杆调整螺栓之间进行测量。柱塞的标准行程余量大约为1.5mm，磨损后的到限行程余量应不小于0.5mm。

During inspection, different methods shall be adopted according to different structures of the fuel injection pump: a) rotate the camshaft, push the plunger to the top dead center, remove the oil outlet valve and valve seat, and measure the depth with a vernier ruler. b) After the plunger is pushed to the top dead center, pry the spring seat of the plunger spring with a screwdriver to raise the plunger to the high point. Then insert a thickness gauge between the lower plane of the plunger and the tappet adjusting bolt for measurement. The standard stroke allowance of the plunger is about 1.5mm, and the limit stroke allowance after wear shall not be less than 0.5mm.

小型混凝土搅拌车在保养时也要会保养才可以，错误的保养方法不仅会使设备的质量有所下降，严重的可能会损坏某些零件，这在很大程度上降低了它的使用寿命，那么希望通过今天的学习，大家在日后的保养时一定要注意，千万不要犯同样的错误。

Small concrete mixers should also be well maintained during maintenance. Wrong maintenance methods will not only reduce the quality of the equipment, but also seriously damage some parts, which will greatly reduce its service life. Therefore, I hope that through today's study, we must pay attention to the maintenance in the future and do not make the same mistakes.

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